No, for federal elections, if you reside outside the US, you vote in the place where you last resided; it is not necessary to maintain residence there.
The Federal Voting Assistance Program has information at https://www.fvap.gov/citizen-voter.
The State Department also has a page on the topic, which discusses eligiblity:
Voting Eligibility
Almost all U.S. citizens 18 years or older who reside outside the United States are eligible to vote absentee for candidates for federal offices in U.S. primary and general elections. In addition, some states allow overseas citizens to vote for candidates for state and local offices, as well as for state and local referendums. For information regarding your specific state, visit the Federal Voting Assistance Program’s Voting Assistance Guide or the Overseas Vote Foundation website. The Overseas Vote Foundation is a non-partisan voter advocacy organization.
For voting purposes, your state of legal residence is generally the state wherein you resided immediately before leaving the United States, even if you no longer own or rent property or intend to return there in the future. Twenty-four states and the District of Columbia specifically allow U.S. citizens who have never resided in the United States to register where a parent would be eligible to vote. Direct your questions about eligibility to your local election officials.
(Source: https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/abroad/legal-matters/benefits/voting.html)
