When you leave Austria, you must deregister your residence. Thus you are no longer a resident in Austria and the immigration authority will invalidate the residence permit.

You will need a visitor visa to visit the Schengen Area.

Validity of residence permits for third-country nationals - Bundesministerium für Inneres
 Possibility of losing a right of residence
The settlement authority can under certain conditions, withdraw a right of residence with an administrative decision or the right can automatically expire by law.

This is the case, for example, with temporary residence titles if a third-country national is no longer resident in Austria. In this case, the authority must issue an official decision that the settlement in Austria has ended.
...

When you leave Austria, you must deregister your residence. Thus you are no longer a resident in Austria and the immigration authority will invalidate the residence permit.

You will need a visitor visa to visit the Schengen Area.

Validity of residence permits for third-country nationals - Bundesministerium für Inneres (Austria) 

Possibility of losing a right of residence

The settlement authority can under certain conditions, withdraw a right of residence with an administrative decision or the right can automatically expire by law.

This is the case, for example, with temporary residence titles if a third-country national is no longer resident in Austria. In this case, the authority must issue an official decision that the settlement in Austria has ended.
...