First of all, visa and status are different things. Visa is just for entry, and status is for your stay inside the US. You can have one without the other.
Second, neither your visa nor your status will be affected by a pending or approved I-140 petition or a pending I-485 Adjustment of Status application. However, you may find it more difficult to actually use the visa to enter the US due to immigrant intent.
Neither your visa nor your status will be affected by a pending or approved EAD or Advance Parole. Just because you have an EAD and/or Advance Parole doesn't mean you have to use it. However, if you work in the US (e.g. with your EAD) outside of what is allowed in F1 status, you will cease to be in F1 status. If you leave the US, you would cease to have any status; and if you re-enter using Advance Parole, you would be a Parolee, not in F1 status (you would have to re-enter using an F1 visa to be admitted into F1 status).